* Improve StoreToContext emission
Hoist StoreToContext in dynamic branch fast & slow paths out into
their predecessor.
Reduces register pressure, code size and compile time because we're
throwing less stuff down the pipeline.
* Set PTC internal version
* Turn EmitDynamicTableCall private
* Re-trigger CI
Signal and setup events correctly
Eliminate possible races
Use a single event
Mark volatiles and reduce scope of waithandles
Common handler
100ms -> 50ms
* Implement VCNT based on AArch64 CNT
Add tests
* Update PTC version
* Address LDj's comments
* Explicit size in encoding
* Tighter tests
* Replace SoftFallback with IR helper
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
* Reduce one BitwiseAnd from IR fallback
Based on popcount64b from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_weight#Efficient_implementation
* Rename parameter and add assert
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
* PPTC & Pool Enhancements.
* Avoid buffer allocations in CodeGenContext.GetCode(). Avoid stream allocations in PTC.PtcInfo.
Refactoring/nits.
* Use XXHash128, for Ptc.Load & Ptc.Save, x10 faster than Md5.
* Why not a nice Span.
* Added a simple PtcFormatter library for deserialization/serialization, which does not require reflection, in use at PtcJumpTable and PtcProfiler; improves maintainability and simplicity/readability of affected code.
* Nits.
* Revert #1987.
* Revert "Revert #1987."
This reverts commit 998be765cf.
* Enable PTE null checks again
* Do address validation on EmitPtPointerLoad, and make it branchless
* PTC version increment
* Mask of pointer tag for exclusive access
* Move mask to the correct place
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
* Optimization | Modify Add Instruction to use LEA instead.
Currently, the add instruction requires 4 registers to take place. By using LEA, we can effectively perform the same working using 3 registers, reducing memory spills and improving translation efficiency.
* Fix IsSameOperandDestSrc1 Check for Add
* Use LEA if Dest != SRC1
* Update IsSameOperandDestSrc1 to account for Cases where Dest and Src1 can be same for add
* Fix error in logic
* Typo
* Add paranthesis for clarity
* Compare registers as requested.
* Cleanup if statement, use same comparison method as generateCopy
* Make change as recommended by gdk
* Perform check only when Add calls are made
* use ensure sametype for lea, fix else
* Update comment
* Update version #
* Add VCLZ fast path
* Add VCLZ.8B/16B SSSE3 fast path
* Add VCLZ.4H/8H SSSE3 fast path
* Add VCLZ.2S/4S SSE2 fast path
* Improve CLZ.4H/8H fast path
* Improve CLZ.2S/4S fast path
* Set PPTC version
* Added support for offline invalidation, via PPTC, of low cq translations replaced by high cq translations; both on a single run and between runs.
Added invalidation of .cache files in the event of reuse on a different user operating system.
Added .info and .cache files invalidation in case of a failed stream decompression.
Nits.
* InternalVersion = 1712;
* Nits.
* Address comment.
* Get rid of BinaryFormatter.
Nits.
* Move Ptc.LoadTranslations().
Nits.
* Nits.
* Fixed corner cases (in case backup copies have to be used). Added save logs.
* Not core fixes.
* Complement to the previous commit. Added load logs. Removed BinaryFormatter leftovers.
* Add LoadTranslations log.
* Nits.
* Removed the search and management of LowCq overlapping functions.
* Final increment of .info and .cache flags.
* Nit.
* Free up memory allocated by Pools during any PPTC translations at boot time.
* Nit due to rebase.
* Add a simple Pools Limiter.
* Nits.
* Fix missing JumpTable.RegisterFunction() due to rebase.
Clear MemoryStreams as soon as possible, when they are no longer needed.
* Code cleaning.
* Nit for retrigger Checks.
* Update Ptc.cs
* Contextual refactoring of Translator. Ignore resetting of pools for DirectCallStubs.
* Nit for retrigger Checks.
* Add Pmull_V Sse fast path only, both "8/16B -> 8H" and "1/2D -> 1Q" variants; with Test.
* Add Clmul fast path for the 128 bits variant.
* Small optimisation (save 60 instructions) for the Sse fast path about the 128 bits variant.
* Add slow path, both variants. Fix V128 Shl/Shr when shift = 0.
* A32: Add Vmull_I P64 variant (slow path); not tested.
* A32: Add Vmull_I_P8_P64 Test and fix P64 variant.
* Added support for offline invalidation, via PPTC, of low cq translations replaced by high cq translations; both on a single run and between runs.
Added invalidation of .cache files in the event of reuse on a different user operating system.
Added .info and .cache files invalidation in case of a failed stream decompression.
Nits.
* InternalVersion = 1712;
* Nits.
* Address comment.
* Get rid of BinaryFormatter.
Nits.
* Move Ptc.LoadTranslations().
Nits.
* Nits.
* Fixed corner cases (in case backup copies have to be used). Added save logs.
* Not core fixes.
* Complement to the previous commit. Added load logs. Removed BinaryFormatter leftovers.
* Add LoadTranslations log.
* Nits.
* Removed the search and management of LowCq overlapping functions.
* Final increment of .info and .cache flags.
* Nit.
* Free up memory allocated by Pools during any PPTC translations at boot time.
* Nit due to rebase.
* Added support for offline invalidation, via PPTC, of low cq translations replaced by high cq translations; both on a single run and between runs.
Added invalidation of .cache files in the event of reuse on a different user operating system.
Added .info and .cache files invalidation in case of a failed stream decompression.
Nits.
* InternalVersion = 1712;
* Nits.
* Address comment.
* Get rid of BinaryFormatter.
Nits.
* Move Ptc.LoadTranslations().
Nits.
* Nits.
* Fixed corner cases (in case backup copies have to be used). Added save logs.
* Not core fixes.
* Complement to the previous commit. Added load logs. Removed BinaryFormatter leftovers.
* Add LoadTranslations log.
* Nits.
* Removed the search and management of LowCq overlapping functions.
* Final increment of .info and .cache flags.
* Nit.
* GetIndirectFunctionAddress(): Validate that writing actually takes place in dynamic table memory range (and not elsewhere).
* Fix Ptc.UpdateInfo() due to rebase.
* Nit for retrigger Checks.
* Nit for retrigger Checks.
* Initial cache memory allocator implementation
* Get rid of CallFlag
* Perform cache cleanup on exit
* Basic cache invalidation
* Thats not how conditionals works in C# it seems
* Set PTC version to PR number
* Address PR feedback
* Update InstEmitFlowHelper.cs
* Flag clear on address is no longer needed
* Do not include exit block in function size calculation
* Dispose jump table
* For future use
* InternalVersion = 1519 (force retest).
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
* Implement VFNMA.F<32/64>
* Update PTC Version
* Update Implementation & Renames & Correct Order
* Fix alignment
* Update implementation to not trigger assert
* Actually use the intrinsic that makes sense :)
* IPC refactor part 2: Use ReplyAndReceive on HLE services and remove special handling from kernel
* Fix for applet transfer memory + some nits
* Keep handles if possible to avoid server handle table exhaustion
* Fix IPC ZeroFill bug
* am: Correctly implement CreateManagedDisplayLayer and implement CreateManagedDisplaySeparableLayer
CreateManagedDisplaySeparableLayer is requires since 10.x+ when appletResourceUserId != 0
* Make it exit properly
* Make ServiceNotImplementedException show the full message again
* Allow yielding execution to avoid starving other threads
* Only wait if active
* Merge IVirtualMemoryManager and IAddressSpaceManager
* Fix Ro loading data from the wrong process
Co-authored-by: Thog <me@thog.eu>
* Use backup when PTC compression is corrupt
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: LDj3SNuD <35856442+LDj3SNuD@users.noreply.github.com>
* shader cache: Fix Linux boot issues
This rollback the init logic back to previous state, and replicate the
way PTC handle initialization.
* shader cache: set default state of ready for translation event to false
* Fix cpu unit tests
* infra: Migrate to .NET 5
This migrate projects and CI to .NET 5
* Remove language version restrictions (now on 9.0 by default)
* infra: pin .NET 5 to avoid later issues
* infra: Cleanup csproj files
* infra: update dependencies
* infra: Add temporary workaround for a bug in Vector128.Create
see https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/44704 for more informations
Before when splitting intervals, the end of the range would be included
in the split check, this can produce empty ranges in the child split.
This in turn can affect spilling decisions since the child split will
have a different start position and this empty range will get a register
and move to the active set for a brief moment.
For example:
A = [153, 172[; [1899, 1916[; [1991, 2010[; [2397, 2414[; ...
Split(A, 1916)
A0 = [153, 172[; [1899, 1916[
A1 = [1916, 1916[; [1991, 2010[; [2397, 2414[; ...
* WIP Range Tracking
- Texture invalidation seems to have large problems
- Buffer/Pool invalidation may have problems
- Mirror memory tracking puts an additional `add` in compiled code, we likely just want to make HLE access slower if this is the final solution.
- Native project is in the messiest possible location.
- [HACK] JIT memory access always uses native "fast" path
- [HACK] Trying some things with texture invalidation and views.
It works :)
Still a few hacks, messy things, slow things
More work in progress stuff (also move to memory project)
Quite a bit faster now.
- Unmapping GPU VA and CPU VA will now correctly update write tracking regions, and invalidate textures for the former.
- The Virtual range list is now non-overlapping like the physical one.
- Fixed some bugs where regions could leak.
- Introduced a weird bug that I still need to track down (consistent invalid buffer in MK8 ribbon road)
Move some stuff.
I think we'll eventually just put the dll and so for this in a nuget package.
Fix rebase.
[WIP] MultiRegionHandle variable size ranges
- Avoid reprotecting regions that change often (needs some tweaking)
- There's still a bug in buffers, somehow.
- Might want different api for minimum granularity
Fix rebase issue
Commit everything needed for software only tracking.
Remove native components.
Remove more native stuff.
Cleanup
Use a separate window for the background context, update opentk. (fixes linux)
Some experimental changes
Should get things working up to scratch - still need to try some things with flush/modification and res scale.
Include address with the region action.
Initial work to make range tracking work
Still a ton of bugs
Fix some issues with the new stuff.
* Fix texture flush instability
There's still some weird behaviour, but it's much improved without this. (textures with cpu modified data were flushing over it)
* Find the destination texture for Buffer->Texture full copy
Greatly improves performance for nvdec videos (with range tracking)
* Further improve texture tracking
* Disable Memory Tracking for view parents
This is a temporary approach to better match behaviour on master (where invalidations would be soaked up by views, rather than trigger twice)
The assumption is that when views are created to a texture, they will cover all of its data anyways. Of course, this can easily be improved in future.
* Introduce some tracking tests.
WIP
* Complete base tests.
* Add more tests for multiregion, fix existing test.
* Cleanup Part 1
* Remove unnecessary code from memory tracking
* Fix some inconsistencies with 3D texture rule.
* Add dispose tests.
* Use a background thread for the background context.
Rather than setting and unsetting a context as current, doing the work on a dedicated thread with signals seems to be a bit faster.
Also nerf the multithreading test a bit.
* Copy to texture with matching alignment
This extends the copy to work for some videos with unusual size, such as tutorial videos in SMO. It will only occur if the destination texture already exists at XCount size.
* Track reads for buffer copies. Synchronize new buffers before copying overlaps.
* Remove old texture flushing mechanisms.
Range tracking all the way, baby.
* Wake the background thread when disposing.
Avoids a deadlock when games are closed.
* Address Feedback 1
* Separate TextureCopy instance for background thread
Also `BackgroundContextWorker.InBackground` for a more sensible idenfifier for if we're in a background thread.
* Add missing XML docs.
* Address Feedback
* Maybe I should start drinking coffee.
* Some more feedback.
* Remove flush warning, Refocus window after making background context
* Changes to allow explicit management of service threads
* Remove now unused code
* Remove ThreadCounter, its no longer needed
* Allow and use separate server per service, also fix exit issues
* New policy change: PTC version now uses PR number
* Implement block placement
Implement a simple pass which re-orders cold blocks at the end of the
list of blocks in the CFG.
* Set PPTC version
* Use Array.Resize
Address gdkchan's feedback
* Relax block ordering constraints
Before `block.Next` had to follow `block.ListNext`, now it does not.
Instead `CodeGenerator` will now emit the necessary jump instructions
to ensure control flow.
This makes control flow and block order modifications easier. It also
eliminates some simple cases of redundant branches.
* Set PPTC version
* SIMD&FP load/store with scale > 4 should be undefined
* Catch more invalid encodings for FP&SIMD LDR/STR (reg variant)
* Set PTC version to PR number
This project wasn't really used by anyone and isn't worth mantaining.
This commit remove the profiler entirely from Ryujinx and remove the associated CI tasks.
* Allow launching with custom data directories
Don't load alternate keys when using custom directory
* Address gdkchan's comments
* Misc fixes to log levels
Added more enabled log levels by default
Moved successful config updation to Notice as
1. It's not a warning
2. Warnings could've been disabled by the config load and hence message
would be lost
* Amadeus: Final Act
This is my requiem, I present to you Amadeus, a complete reimplementation of the Audio Renderer!
This reimplementation is based on my reversing of every version of the audio system module that I carried for the past 10 months.
This supports every revision (at the time of writing REV1 to REV8 included) and all features proposed by the Audio Renderer on real hardware.
Because this component could be used outside an emulation context, and to avoid possible "inspirations" not crediting the project, I decided to license the Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer project under LGPLv3.
- FE3H voices in videos and chapter intro are not present.
- Games that use two audio renderer **at the same time** are probably going to have issues right now **until we rewrite the audio output interface** (Crash Team Racing is the only known game to use two renderer at the same time).
- Persona 5 Scrambler now goes ingame but audio is garbage. This is caused by the fact that the game engine is syncing audio and video in a really aggressive way. This will disappears the day this game run at full speed.
* Make timing more precise when sleeping on Windows
Improve precision to a 1ms resolution on Windows NT based OS.
This is used to avoid having totally erratic timings and unify all
Windows users to the same resolution.
NOTE: This is only active when emulation is running.
* Add Compare instruction
* Add BranchIf instruction
* Use test when BranchIf & Compare against 0
* Propagate Compare into BranchIfTrue/False use
- Propagate Compare operations into their BranchIfTrue/False use and
turn these into a BranchIf.
- Clean up Comparison enum.
* Replace BranchIfTrue/False with BranchIf
* Use BranchIf in EmitPtPointerLoad
- Using BranchIf early instead of BranchIfTrue/False improves LCQ and
reduces the amount of work needed by the Optimizer.
EmitPtPointerLoader was a/the big producer of BranchIfTrue/False.
- Fix asserts firing when assembling BitwiseAnd because of type
mismatch in EmitStoreExclusive. This is harmless and should not
cause any diffs.
* Increment PPTC interval version
* Improve IRDumper for BranchIf & Compare
* Use BranchIf in EmitNativeCall
* Clean up
* Do not emit test when immediately preceded by and
* Logger class changes only
Now compile-time checking is possible with the help of Nullable Value
types.
* Misc formatting
* Manual optimizations
PrintGuestLog
PrintGuestStackTrace
Surfaceflinger DequeueBuffer
* Reduce SendVibrationXX log level to Debug
* Add Notice log level
This level is always enabled and used to print system info, etc...
Also, rewrite LogColor to switch expression as colors are static
* Unify unhandled exception event handlers
* Print enabled LogLevels during init
* Re-add App Exit disposes in proper order
nit: switch case spacing
* Revert PrintGuestStackTrace to Info logs due to #1407
PrintGuestStackTrace is now called in some critical error handlers
so revert to old behavior as KThread isn't part of Guest.
* Batch replace Logger statements
* Use movd,movq for i32/64 VectorExtract %x, 0x0
* Increment PPTC interval version
* Use else-if instead
- Address gdkchan's feedback.
- Clean up Debug.Assert calls
* Inline `count` expression into Debug.Assert
Apparently the CoreCLR JIT will not eliminate this. :(
* Add Fmax/minv_V & S/Ushl_S Inst.s with Tests. Fix Maxps/d & Minps/d double zero sign handling. Allows better handling of NaNs.
* Optimized EmitSse2VectorIsNaNOpF() for multiple uses per opF.
* Add CRC32 A32 instructions.
* Fix CRC32 instructions.
* Add CRC intrinsic and fast path.
Loop is currently unrolled, will look into adding temp vars after tests are added.
* Begin work on Crc tests
* Fix SSE4.2 path for CRC32C, finialize tests.
* Remove unused IR path.
* Fix spacing between prefix checks.
* This should be Src.
* PTC Version
* OpCodeTable Order
* Integer check improvement. Value and Crc can be either 32 or 64 size.
* This wasn't necessary...
* If size is 3, value type must be I64.
* Fix same src+dest handling for non crc intrinsics.
* Pre-fix (ha) issue with vex encodings
* Add Vmvn (register), tests for both Vmvn variants.
* Add Vpmin, Vpmax, improve Non-FastFp accuracy for Vpadd
* Rebase on top of PTC.
* Add Nopcode
* Increment PTC version.
* Fix nits.
* Generalize tail continues
* Fix DecodeBasicBlock
`Next` and `Branch` would be null, which is not the state expected by
the branch instructions. They end up branching or falling into a block
which is never populated by the `Translator`. This causes an assert to
be fired when building the CFG.
* Clean up Decode overloads
* Do not synchronize when branching into exit block
If we're branching into an exit block, that exit block will tail
continue into another translation which already has a synchronization.
* Remove A32 predicate tail continue
If `block` is not an exit block then the `block.Next` must exist (as
per the last instruction of `block`).
* Throw if decoded 0 blocks
Address gdkchan's feedback
* Rebuild block list instead of setting to null
Address gdkchan's feedback
* Delete DelegateTypes.cs
* Delete DelegateCache.cs
* Add files via upload
* Update Horizon.cs
* Update Program.cs
* Update MainWindow.cs
* Update Aot.cs
* Update RelocEntry.cs
* Update Translator.cs
* Update MemoryManager.cs
* Update InstEmitMemoryHelper.cs
* Update Delegates.cs
* Nit.
* Nit.
* Nit.
* 10 fewer MSIL bytes for us
* Add comment. Nits.
* Update Translator.cs
* Update Aot.cs
* Nits.
* Opt..
* Opt..
* Opt..
* Opt..
* Allow to change compression level.
* Update MemoryManager.cs
* Update Translator.cs
* Manage corner cases during the save phase. Nits.
* Update Aot.cs
* Translator response tweak for Aot disabled. Nit.
* Nit.
* Nits.
* Create DelegateHelpers.cs
* Update Delegates.cs
* Nit.
* Nit.
* Nits.
* Fix due to #784.
* Fixes due to #757 & #841.
* Fix due to #846.
* Fix due to #847.
* Use MethodInfo for managed method calls.
Use IR methods instead of managed methods about Max/Min (S/U).
Follow-ups & Nits.
* Add missing exception messages.
Reintroduce slow path for Fmov_Vi.
Implement slow path for Fmov_Si.
* Switch to the new folder structure.
Nits.
* Impl. index-based relocation information. Impl. cache file version field.
* Nit.
* Address gdkchan comments.
Mainly:
- fixed cache file corruption issue on exit; - exposed a way to disable AOT on the GUI.
* Address AcK77 comment.
* Address Thealexbarney, jduncanator & emmauss comments.
Header magic, CpuId (FI) & Aot -> Ptc.
* Adaptation to the new application reloading system.
Improvements to the call system of managed methods.
Follow-ups.
Nits.
* Get the same boot times as on master when PTC is disabled.
* Profiled Aot.
* A32 support (#897).
* #975 support (1 of 2).
* #975 support (2 of 2).
* Rebase fix & nits.
* Some fixes and nits (still one bug left).
* One fix & nits.
* Tests fix (by gdk) & nits.
* Support translations not only in high quality and rejit.
Nits.
* Added possibility to skip translations and continue execution, using `ESC` key.
* Update SettingsWindow.cs
* Update GLRenderer.cs
* Update Ptc.cs
* Disabled Profiled PTC by default as requested in the past by gdk.
* Fix rejit bug. Increased number of parallel translations. Add stack unwinding stuffs support (1 of 2).
Nits.
* Add stack unwinding stuffs support (2 of 2). Tuned number of parallel translations.
* Restored the ability to assemble jumps with 8-bit offset when Profiled PTC is disabled or during profiling.
Modifications due to rebase.
Nits.
* Limited profiling of the functions to be translated to the addresses belonging to the range of static objects only.
* Nits.
* Nits.
* Update Delegates.cs
* Nit.
* Update InstEmitSimdArithmetic.cs
* Address riperiperi comments.
* Fixed the issue of unjustifiably longer boot times at the second boot than at the first boot, measured at the same time or reference point and with the same number of translated functions.
* Implemented a simple redundant load/save mechanism.
Halved the value of Decoder.MaxInstsPerFunction more appropriate for the current performance of the Translator.
Replaced by Logger.PrintError to Logger.PrintDebug in TexturePool.cs about the supposed invalid texture format to avoid the spawn of the log.
Nits.
* Nit.
Improved Logger.PrintError in TexturePool.cs to avoid log spawn.
Added missing code for FZ handling (in output) for fp max/min instructions (slow paths).
* Add configuration migration for PTC
Co-authored-by: Thog <me@thog.eu>
Some parts of our code needs C# 8 who isn't set as default in Visual Studio. To fix this we have to set the C# version correctly in the csproj files and then we are be able to build the project using Visual Studio.
* Improve IRDumper
* Make Symbols.Add(ulong, ulong, ulong, string) thread safe
* Use a StringBuilder for MemoryOperand
* Add #if M_DEBUG guards
* Fix JMP_TABLE typo
* Fix using in Symbols
* Use Conditional("M_DEBUG") instead
Address gdkchan's feedback
* Use a struct instead of 4-tuple
Address gdkchan's feedback
* Place symbols in comments instead
Address gdkchan's feedback
* Use StringBuilder throughout
* Handle offsetted symbols
* Fix naming convention of Builder
* Avoid ArgumentException
* Remove unnecessary using
* Use switch expression instead
* Turn into a class
* Clean up
* Remove unnecessary using
* Implement a new physical memory manager and replace DeviceMemory
* Proper generic constraints
* Fix debug build
* Add memory tests
* New CPU memory manager and general code cleanup
* Remove host memory management from CPU project, use Ryujinx.Memory instead
* Fix tests
* Document exceptions on MemoryBlock
* Fix leak on unix memory allocation
* Proper disposal of some objects on tests
* Fix JitCache not being set as initialized
* GetRef without checks for 8-bits and 16-bits CAS
* Add MemoryBlock destructor
* Throw in separate method to improve codegen
* Address PR feedback
* QueryModified improvements
* Fix memory write tracking not marking all pages as modified in some cases
* Simplify MarkRegionAsModified
* Remove XML doc for ghost param
* Add back optimization to avoid useless buffer updates
* Add Ryujinx.Cpu project, move MemoryManager there and remove MemoryBlockWrapper
* Some nits
* Do not perform address translation when size is 0
* Address PR feedback and format NativeInterface class
* Remove ghost parameter description
* Update Ryujinx.Cpu to .NET Core 3.1
* Address PR feedback
* Fix build
* Return a well defined value for GetPhysicalAddress with invalid VA, and do not return unmapped ranges as modified
* Typo
* Updated all NuGet packages to latest, and updated the framework from .NET Core 3.0 to 3.1.
* Updating appveyor settings for 3.1
Updating appveyor to use the netcoreapp3.1 path instead of 3.0.
* Removing unneeded NuGet package System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe.
* Removing unused NuGet package SharpFontCore.
* Removing unused NuGet package TimeZoneConverter.Posix
* Cleaning up by adding newline to a csproj.
* Simplfying a NuGet conditional include, and adding a warning disable for an annoying NuGet package.
* I'm not sure if .travis.yml is still used, but I'm updating its 'dotnet' version to the correct SDK.
* Making the runtime version into its own environment variable so it's a bit easier to change in the future.
* Removing OpenTK.NetStandard reference from Ryujinx.Common
* Fixing indentation in Common.csproj
* Updating the README to specify .NET Core 3.1.
* Reverting the update of the GTKSharp package so it doesn't block the PR.
* Use the jump table for tail continues.
This path is always reached when a function larger than our current length limit (currently 5000) is compiled.
* Use Call Flag rather than 1L
